譯可譯，非常譯；忘其形，得其意。得意，理解之始；忘形，表達(dá)之母。故常忘形，以觀其徼；故常得意，以觀其妙。此兩者同出，而異名同理。得意忘形，取舍有度。此翻譯之“道”也。
據(jù)考生回顧，3.21日高口翻譯考試涉及《道德經(jīng)》的部分內(nèi)容，例如：
“人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。”
【注釋】出處為《道德經(jīng)》第25章。意即：在廣闊無(wú)垠的宇宙中，人受大地的承載之恩，所以其行為應(yīng)該效法大地，而大地又受天的覆蓋，因此大地應(yīng)時(shí)時(shí)刻刻效法天的法則而運(yùn)行。這是太上千古不易的密語(yǔ)，是老子思想精華之所在。
譯文: Man follows the earth. The earth follows the universe. The universe follows the Tao. The Tao follows nature.
“天人合一”
【注釋】“天人合一”為中國(guó)哲學(xué)思想，儒、道、釋等諸家各有闡述。天指天空，也指天道，還指自然大道，道家道教所說(shuō)的天，多指自然、天道。天人合一，多指人與道合而“天地與我并生，萬(wàn)物與我為一”的境界，也指天人相合相應(yīng)。
譯文：harmony between man and nature; unity of man and nature
以下我們結(jié)合一篇傳統(tǒng)文化類的翻譯真題來(lái)解讀此類翻譯中的得意忘形、取舍有度。
中華文明歷來(lái)注重親仁善鄰，講求和睦相處。
【譯文】The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to cordiality, benevolence, and good neighborliness, seeking to live in harmony with others.
【解析】“親仁善鄰”可譯為benevolence and good neighborliness或associating with good gentlemen and befriending good neighbors.
中國(guó)人在對(duì)外關(guān)系中始終秉承“強(qiáng)不執(zhí)弱”、“富不侮貧”的精神，主張“協(xié)和萬(wàn)邦”。
【譯文】In foreign relations, the Chinese people have always advocated that “the strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor”, and that “all nations live in perfect harmony”.
【解析】“強(qiáng)不執(zhí)弱，富不侮貧”選自《墨子.兼愛(ài)》，原文是：天下之人皆相愛(ài)，強(qiáng)不執(zhí)弱，眾不劫寡，富不侮貧，貴不敖賤，詐不欺愚?？勺g為：When all the people in the world love one another, then the strong will not overpower the weak, the many will not oppress the few, the wealthy will not mock the poor, the honored will not disdain the humble, and the cunning will not deceive the simple.
中國(guó)人提倡“海納百川，有容乃大”，主張吸納百家優(yōu)長(zhǎng)、兼集八方精義。
譯文：The Chinese uphold that “one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers” and call for drawing upon other’s strength and experiences.
解析：對(duì)這種多修飾詞語(yǔ)的表達(dá)，英譯時(shí)一般可采用避虛就實(shí)的做法，在翻譯過(guò)程中可作適當(dāng)刪減，也可適當(dāng)改譯，或?qū)⑵湟怆[含在譯文中，而不必一味照字面直譯，確保譯文準(zhǔn)確、地道、流暢。
今天，中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，既通過(guò)維護(hù)世界和平來(lái)發(fā)展自己，又通過(guò)自身的發(fā)展來(lái)促進(jìn)世界和平。
【譯文】Today, China commits itself firmly to peaceful development, accelerating its development by upholding world peace and promoting world peace through its own development.
【解析】漢語(yǔ)中多個(gè)動(dòng)詞連用的結(jié)構(gòu)較為常見(jiàn)，英語(yǔ)中一般將其中的主要部分用動(dòng)詞表達(dá)，其余部分則用分詞或其他方式表達(dá)，各分句結(jié)構(gòu)之間為主從關(guān)系。因而漢譯英時(shí)，要根據(jù)這些特點(diǎn)，把漢語(yǔ)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)為英語(yǔ)的主從結(jié)構(gòu)。
中國(guó)堅(jiān)持實(shí)施互利共贏的對(duì)外開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，真誠(chéng)愿意同各國(guó)廣泛開(kāi)展合作，真誠(chéng)愿意兼收并蓄、博采各種文明之長(zhǎng)，以合作謀和平、以合作促發(fā)展，推動(dòng)建設(shè)一個(gè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。
【譯文】China firmly pursues a strategy of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. It genuinely wishes to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries. It is eager to embrace everything that is useful and draws on the strengths of other civilizations to pursue peace and development through cooperation and promote the building of a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
解析：遇到漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，翻譯方法之一是拆分重組，即把一句譯作幾句。這樣意思明了，行文利落，合乎英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。此外，本句中的“真誠(chéng)愿意......”和“以合作......”出現(xiàn)了兩次，英語(yǔ)則可通過(guò)合并省略避免重復(fù)，文字也顯得簡(jiǎn)潔明了。
協(xié)和萬(wàn)邦all nations live in perfect harmony
海納百川，有容乃大one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers
天行健，君子以自強(qiáng)不息As Heaven keeps vigor through movement, a gentleman should unremittingly practice self-improvement.
天下為公 the world is for all
天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country
以人為本people-oriented
民惟邦本，本固邦寧people are the foundation of a country; when the foundation is stable, the country is in peace
天地之間，莫貴于人nothing is more valuable in the universe than human beings
勿以善小而不為，勿以惡小而為之 Do not refrain from what you think is petty benevolence and do what you think petty evil.
人而無(wú)信，不知其可也a man without trust can hardly accomplish anything.
合則強(qiáng)，孤則弱unity means strength, while isolation means weakness.
